{"id":11276,"date":"2025-11-14T16:43:06","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T15:43:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/twissen.com\/?p=11276"},"modified":"2025-11-14T16:43:06","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T15:43:06","slug":"archaeology-beyond-the-past-slow-tourism-social-value-and-the-faro-convention-by-fabio-carbone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/twissen.com\/en\/trends-en\/archaeology-beyond-the-past-slow-tourism-social-value-and-the-faro-convention-by-fabio-carbone\/","title":{"rendered":"Archaeology Beyond the Past: Slow Tourism, Social Value, and the Faro Convention by Fabio Carbone"},"content":{"rendered":"
Crotone and Tobruk: Two Mediterranean Laboratories for Sustainable <\/span>Development and Positive Peace<\/span><\/h6>\n
by Fabio Carbone<\/span>
Lecturer and Researcher at the University of Northampton (UON) \u2013 UK<\/span>
Director of the Research Centre for Global Economic and Social Development (GESD, UON)<\/span>
Consultant in Sustainable Tourism Management and Heritage-Led Development in post-conflict reconstruction <\/span>contexts<\/span><\/h6>\n

This article draws on reflections shared during my keynote address at the<\/span> 2nd International <\/span>Conference on Archaeology and Tourism<\/span> hosted by the<\/span> University of Tobruk<\/span> in Libya, under <\/span>the theme<\/span> \u201cInvestment and Sustainable Development between Archaeology and Tourism:<\/em><\/span>
Prospects and Challenges<\/em>.\u201d <\/span>My presentation, entitled<\/span> \u201cArchaeology Beyond the Past: Slow Tourism, Social Value, and <\/em><\/span>the Faro Convention<\/em>,\u201d<\/span> placed two Mediterranean cities in dialogue \u2014<\/span> Crotone<\/span> and<\/span> Tobruk<\/span>.<\/span>
Two coastal communities, both peripheral and central at once: ports of history and identity <\/span>now seeking to redefine their relationship with memory, development, and the future. <\/span>The central idea is that archaeology, when understood in the broad sense proposed by the <\/span>Faro Convention<\/span><\/em> (Council of Europe, 2005), is not merely a science of the past. It is a<\/span> practice <\/span>of the present<\/span>, capable of generating<\/span> social value<\/span>, cohesion, and, ultimately, what Johan <\/span>Galtung (1969) called<\/span> \u201cpositive peace\u201d<\/span> \u2014 not the absence of conflict, but the active <\/span>presence of justice, dialogue, and participation.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
Living Archaeology: From Past to Future<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n

Traditionally, archaeology has been understood as a discipline of protection and <\/span>conservation, a look backward rather than forward.<\/span>
Yet, the<\/span> Faro Convention<\/span><\/em> invites us to a radical shift in perspective: cultural heritage is not an <\/span>assemblage of objects, but a network of<\/span> relationships<\/span>. <\/span>Article 4 of the Convention states that \u201ceveryone, alone or collectively, has the right to <\/span>benefit from the cultural heritage and to contribute towards its enrichment.\u201d <\/span>Heritage, therefore, becomes a<\/span> right of cultural citizenship<\/span>.<\/span>
In this view, archaeology becomes a language through which communities narrate and <\/span>recognize themselves. In<\/span> Crotone<\/span>, ancient<\/span> Kroton<\/span> still speaks, not only through the remains <\/span>preserved at the Archaeological Museum of Capo Colonna, but through the collective <\/span>memory of a city struggling to reconcile its past glory with a sustainable future. In<\/span> Tobruk<\/span>, <\/span>Greco-Roman vestiges coexist with the modern memory of twentieth-century conflicts and <\/span>the ongoing challenges of reconstruction. Here, archaeology is more than material legacy; it <\/span>can serve as an instrument of<\/span> civic resilience<\/span>, reconnecting present-day life to the long <\/span>history of the Mediterranean as a space of encounter and exchange.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n
Crotone and Tobruk: Two Mediterranean Laboratories<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n

The comparison between<\/span> Crotone and Tobruk<\/span> emerges naturally: both cities stand at a <\/span>threshold<\/span>, poised between marginality and rebirth. They are historic ports, crossroads of <\/span>civilizations, and custodians of extraordinary archaeological heritage, yet neither has fully <\/span>transformed that wealth into sustainable social and economic value. <\/span>In<\/span> Crotone<\/span>, recent data show an encouraging yet fragile trend. Regional statistics for the <\/span>first four months of 2025 report<\/span> 464,240 overnight stays<\/span> (+10.1% compared to 2024) and <\/span>224,000 arrivals<\/span> (+10.4%). The local airport welcomed<\/span> 273,240 passengers in 2024<\/span>, marking <\/span>a<\/span> 20% increase<\/span> over 2023. Cruise tourism has also grown, with<\/span> 26 ship calls and over 27,000 <\/span>passengers in 2024<\/span>, and<\/span> 31 arrivals already scheduled for 2025<\/span>.<\/span>
However, these numbers conceal a deeper paradox. The enthusiasm surrounding the return <\/span>of cruise ships to Crotone has been widely celebrated as a symbol of revival. Yet, as I have <\/span>argued elsewhere,<\/span> cruise companies are not humanitarian organizations;<\/span> they do not <\/span>operate<\/span> for<\/span> the destination, but<\/span> through<\/span> it. Their economic footprint often bypasses the <\/span>local community, while the environmental and infrastructural pressures they create remain.<\/span>
For emerging destinations such as Crotone, this kind of growth can quickly become a<\/span> Pyrrhic <\/span>victory<\/span>: impressive on paper, but hollow in substance. Real development, by contrast, lies in <\/span>building a tourism model that strengthens the local economy, empowers residents, and<\/span>
sustains authenticity.<\/span>
From this perspective, Crotone remains in the<\/span> \u201cexploration phase\u201d<\/span> identified by Butler <\/span>(1980): a critical juncture in which the choices made today will determine whether it evolves <\/span>toward sustainable maturity or falls into dependency and imitation.<\/span>
The challenge is clear \u2014 to<\/span> grow without surrendering authenticity<\/span>, to define a vision rooted <\/span>in identity, knowledge, and community participation. <\/span>Tobruk<\/span>, in eastern Libya, faces a similar turning point in a more complex environment.<\/span>
After years of fragmentation and instability, the city is rediscovering its archaeological, <\/span>natural, and human heritage as a resource for social reconstruction. <\/span>Unlike the already established World Heritage sites of<\/span> Cyrene, Leptis Magna, and Sabratha<\/span>, <\/span>Tobruk represents a<\/span> living laboratory<\/span> \u2014 a place where cultural tourism can be built from the <\/span>ground up, combining education, international cooperation, and local engagement.<\/span>
In this sense, Tobruk can become a model of<\/span> heritage-led recovery<\/span>, where archaeological <\/span>enhancement goes hand in hand with civic education and peacebuilding.<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Slow Tourism and the Faro Spirit<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n

In both Crotone and Tobruk, the answer cannot be mass tourism. What is needed instead is <\/span>a measured, rooted, and participatory approach. The paradigm of<\/span> slow tourism<\/span>, developed <\/span>in the early 2000s, provides an ideal framework to translate the principles of the<\/span> Faro <\/span>Convention<\/span> into concrete practice. It is not merely about \u201cmoving more slowly,\u201d but about <\/span>reconnecting travel with meaning<\/span>, people with place.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
In Crotone, this means enhancing experiences rooted in authenticity \u2014 local markets, <\/span>traditional crafts, vineyards, fishing, gastronomy, and walking routes inspired by Pythagoras <\/span>and Magna Graecia.<\/span>
Here, the visitor becomes a<\/span> participant<\/span> rather than a spectator, engaging with daily life and <\/span>human stories rather than consuming attractions.<\/span>
For Tobruk, the same logic applies. Cultural tourism could involve young people, <\/span>universities, and local guides; it could merge archaeological visits with education, dialogue, <\/span>and intercultural exchange. Such a model does not only bring visitors \u2014 it<\/span> builds <\/span>connections<\/span>. It fosters understanding, trust, and micro-economies that reinforce the social <\/span>fabric.<\/span>
In this regard, event tourism would also be a path worth pursuing. Without going into <\/span>technical or theoretical details here, this form of tourism is useful in giving a destination a <\/span>special and unique personality, and in promoting it nationally and in international markets in <\/span>a sustainable way. In the case of the two locations in question, sporting events would be the <\/span>most suitable, with particular attention to water sports, but not only. Moreover, tourism <\/span>and historical-archaeological heritage would once again come together, especially in <\/span>Crotone, which is strongly connected to the ancient Olympics.<\/span>
As the<\/span> Faro Convention<\/span> reminds us, heritage is valuable not because of its monuments, but <\/span>because of the<\/span> meanings people attach to it<\/span>. In this sense, slow tourism is the living <\/span>embodiment of the Faro spirit: time, care, and reciprocity as tools for sustainable growth.<\/span><\/div>\n

Positive Peace and the Social Value of Heritage<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n

The link between heritage and peace is often overlooked. Yet, as Johan Galtung (1969) <\/span>emphasized, peace is not the<\/span> absence of war<\/span>, but the<\/span> presence of justice and cooperation<\/span>. <\/span>In this regard,<\/span> participatory heritage valorization<\/span> can become a concrete instrument of <\/span>positive peace.<\/span>
In<\/span> Tobruk<\/span>, where memories of war remain vivid, archaeology can provide a neutral, <\/span>symbolic ground for rebuilding trust and belonging. Young people, in particular, can find in <\/span>cultural tourism a way to participate in their country\u2019s rebirth, becoming both custodians<\/span>
and narrators of their own history.<\/span>
In<\/span> Crotone<\/span>, the same idea applies in civic form: tourism as<\/span> education in citizenship<\/span>, as a <\/span>collective rediscovery of territory and pride. As I have often noted in public discussions and <\/span>local media such as<\/span> Il Crotonese<\/span> and<\/span> WeSud<\/span>, \u201ctrue sustainable tourism begins with the <\/span>principle that the first beneficiaries of heritage must be the residents themselves\u201d (an idea I <\/span>started with my<\/span> Paideia Approach to tourism development,<\/span> in 2013). The value of heritage, <\/span>therefore, is not measured by visitor numbers, but by<\/span> relationships<\/span>: by the social capital <\/span>(trust, cooperation, shared identity\u2026) that it generates.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
The Mediterranean as a Workshop for the Future<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n

Crotone and Tobruk stand as two shores of the same sea. <\/span>Both face the challenge of turning their histories \u2014 ancient and recent \u2014 into engines for <\/span>the future. The Mediterranean today needs visions that unite<\/span> development and humanity<\/span>, <\/span>economy and culture<\/span>,<\/span> tourism and peace<\/span>.<\/span>
In this broader vision, archaeological heritage becomes a universal language \u2014 a shared <\/span>alphabet through which Mediterranean peoples can begin to speak to each other again. <\/span>The real goal is not simply to attract tourists, but to<\/span> build meaning<\/span>; not to increase flows, <\/span>but to<\/span> regenerate communities<\/span>. <\/span>Slow tourism, inspired by the principles of the<\/span> Faro Convention<\/span>, offers a concrete path <\/span>toward that goal: promoting a tourism that does not consume but enriches, that does not <\/span>simplify but educates, that does not separate but connects. Crotone and Tobruk, each in its<\/span>
own way, remind us that the most important archaeology is not the one that digs into the <\/span>ground, but the one that digs<\/span> into people\u2019s hearts.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Please note that the opinions expressed in the article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Twissen.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A journey between Crotone and Tobruk to discover how archaeology, the spirit of the Lighthouse, and slow tourism can generate identity, sustainability, and peace in the Mediterranean<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":11283,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[111,805],"tags":[904,868,924],"yoast_head":"\nArchaeology Beyond the Past: Slow Tourism, Social Value, and the Faro Convention by Fabio Carbone | Twissen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A journey between Crotone and Tobruk to discover how archaeology, the spirit of the Lighthouse, and slow tourism can generate identity, sustainability, and peace in the Mediterranean\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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